2025 has been a turbulent year for climate diplomacy, with Donald Trump’s return to the White House reshaping global perceptions of climate action and multilateral cooperation. COP30 will unfold amid heightened geopolitical tensions and practical challenges on the ground, including limited accommodation, high costs, and restricted media access, all of which risk overshadowing the negotiations once again. Despite these hurdles, the conference remains a vital opportunity to advance climate finance and clarify responsibilities for the net zero transition.

Our COP30 primer document provides an overview of the main focus areas, the UK’s priorities and presence at the conference, and the effects of geopolitical tensions on negotiations this year.